Main Article Content
Abstract
The Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is the most significant for diverse applications like imaging, human space flight and scientific observations; the number of satellites in LEO is ever increasing. To estimate the Position and Velocity (PV) conventionally multiple ranging sessions are conducted. It increases burden on the ground support staff and computation delays are introduced. These delays will lead to inaccurate estimation errors. Additionally, propagation errors are introduced into the PV estimation. Also, for human space flight applications, safety is of utmost importance, and hence precise and instantaneous determination of orbital parameters is crucial. This makes autonomous determination of the position and velocity of the satellite a necessity on board. In this study, it is proposed to use indigenously developed NavIC (Navigation by Indian Constellation) by Indian Space Research Organization Doppler shift measurements, for precise kinematic estimation of absolute velocity and receiver’s clock bias rate of the human space flight. The novelty of this research work is the usage of the NavIC Doppler shift measurements, for precise kinematic absolute velocity and receiver clock bias rate estimation, for the orbit of the human space flight in LEO, for the first time. This will extend the footprints of indigenously developed navigation technology to space applications. Extensive simulation and analysis is performed to study the Doppler collision at LEO. Thus establishing the suitability of the method, as the LEO will not exhibit Doppler collision unlike on ground. The mean value and Standard Deviation (SD) values of the velocity estimation error are [-0.0027 -0.0001 -0.0045] m/s and [0.1191 0.3550 0.1319] m/s respectively for the best case. The mean and 3-σ standard deviation of clock bias rate estimation error are 0.00075 m/s and 0.6 m/s respectively when the number of visible satellites is six. Additionally, simulations are carried out for a highly inclined sun synchronous orbit; with nominal and 50% higher standard deviation receiver noise, in Doppler measurements. The performance of velocity and clock bias rate estimation error is consistent for different orbits. However, the performance degrades with higher receiver noise.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Vinod Kumar., Hablani Hari, B. and Pandiyan, R., "Kinematic Navigation of Geostationary Satellites Formation Using Indian Regional Navigation Satellites Observables", Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.38, Special Section on Astrodynamics, Space Navigation and Guidance, Optimal Estimation, and Celestial Mechanics, September 2015, Issue 9, pp.1856-1864. doi: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/1.G000864
- https://www.isro.gov.in/towards-self-reliance-navi gation 3. Ishita Ganjoo and Vinod Kumar., "Smoothened Absolute Kinematic Position Estimation of LEO Satellites Using GPS Observables", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, The Aeronautical Society of India, Vol.69, No.3, August 2017, pp.373379.
- Accord Receiver Interface Control Document of IRNSS-SPS GPS User Receiver, Document No.: ICD-A14SACIRNSUR, Issue 1.2, dated January 28, 2016.
- Website: https://accord-soft.com 5. Petovello, M., "What is Doppler Collision and Is it a Problem in GNSS?", Inside GNSS, January/February 2016.
- Sathish, P., Reddy, D. K., Sarma, A. D. and Reddy, A. S., "Investigations of Doppler Collision Effects on NavIC", Third IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information and Communication Technology (RTEICT), Bangalore, India, 2018, pp.2324-2327. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT42901.2018.9012450
- Xingqin Lin., Björn Hofström., Eric Wang., Gino Masini., Helka-Liina Maattanen., Henrik Rydén., Jonas Sedin., Magnus Stattin., Olof Liberg., Sebastian Euler., Siva Muruganathan., Stefan Eriksson G. and Talha Khan., "5G New Radio Evolution Meets Satellite Communications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions", Ericsson, 2019.https://arXiv.org/abs/:1903.11219
- Pratap Misra and Per Enge., "Global Positioning System, Signals, Measurements and Performance",
- Ganga-Jamuna Press, 2001, pp.175-202.
- Ishita Ganjoo and Vinod Kumar., "Real Time Precise Absolute Position Estimation of GEO Satellites using GPS", Journal of Spacecraft Technology, Vol.29,No.2, July 2018, pp.41-47.
- Vinod Kumar., Hablani Hari, B. and Pandiyan, R., "Real-Time Kinematic Absolute and Relative Velocity Estimation of Geostationary Satellites in Formation Using IRNSS Observables", Third International
- Conference on Advances in Control and Optimization of Dynamical Systems (ACODS-2014), 13-15
- March 2014, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, IFAC Proceedings, Vol.3, Part 1, 2014,
- pp.242-249. doi: https://doi.org/10.3182/20140313-3-IN-3024.00234
- Robert G. Brown and Patrick Y.C. Hwang., "Introduction to Random Signals and Applied Kalman
- Filtering", Fourth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2012, pp.321-324.
- Montenbruck, O., Takuji Ebinuma E. Glenn Lightsey and Leung, S., "A Real-time Kinematic GPS Sensor for Spacecraft Relative Navigation", Aerospace Science and Technology, 6, 2002, pp.435-449.
- doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1270-9638 (02) 01185-9
References
Vinod Kumar., Hablani Hari, B. and Pandiyan, R., "Kinematic Navigation of Geostationary Satellites Formation Using Indian Regional Navigation Satellites Observables", Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.38, Special Section on Astrodynamics, Space Navigation and Guidance, Optimal Estimation, and Celestial Mechanics, September 2015, Issue 9, pp.1856-1864. doi: http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/1.G000864
https://www.isro.gov.in/towards-self-reliance-navi gation 3. Ishita Ganjoo and Vinod Kumar., "Smoothened Absolute Kinematic Position Estimation of LEO Satellites Using GPS Observables", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, The Aeronautical Society of India, Vol.69, No.3, August 2017, pp.373379.
Accord Receiver Interface Control Document of IRNSS-SPS GPS User Receiver, Document No.: ICD-A14SACIRNSUR, Issue 1.2, dated January 28, 2016.
Website: https://accord-soft.com 5. Petovello, M., "What is Doppler Collision and Is it a Problem in GNSS?", Inside GNSS, January/February 2016.
Sathish, P., Reddy, D. K., Sarma, A. D. and Reddy, A. S., "Investigations of Doppler Collision Effects on NavIC", Third IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information and Communication Technology (RTEICT), Bangalore, India, 2018, pp.2324-2327. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/RTEICT42901.2018.9012450
Xingqin Lin., Björn Hofström., Eric Wang., Gino Masini., Helka-Liina Maattanen., Henrik Rydén., Jonas Sedin., Magnus Stattin., Olof Liberg., Sebastian Euler., Siva Muruganathan., Stefan Eriksson G. and Talha Khan., "5G New Radio Evolution Meets Satellite Communications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions", Ericsson, 2019.https://arXiv.org/abs/:1903.11219
Pratap Misra and Per Enge., "Global Positioning System, Signals, Measurements and Performance",
Ganga-Jamuna Press, 2001, pp.175-202.
Ishita Ganjoo and Vinod Kumar., "Real Time Precise Absolute Position Estimation of GEO Satellites using GPS", Journal of Spacecraft Technology, Vol.29,No.2, July 2018, pp.41-47.
Vinod Kumar., Hablani Hari, B. and Pandiyan, R., "Real-Time Kinematic Absolute and Relative Velocity Estimation of Geostationary Satellites in Formation Using IRNSS Observables", Third International
Conference on Advances in Control and Optimization of Dynamical Systems (ACODS-2014), 13-15
March 2014, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, IFAC Proceedings, Vol.3, Part 1, 2014,
pp.242-249. doi: https://doi.org/10.3182/20140313-3-IN-3024.00234
Robert G. Brown and Patrick Y.C. Hwang., "Introduction to Random Signals and Applied Kalman
Filtering", Fourth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2012, pp.321-324.
Montenbruck, O., Takuji Ebinuma E. Glenn Lightsey and Leung, S., "A Real-time Kinematic GPS Sensor for Spacecraft Relative Navigation", Aerospace Science and Technology, 6, 2002, pp.435-449.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1270-9638 (02) 01185-9