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Abstract
Various shortcomings and inaccuracies in the existing approach and presentation of airplane flight dynamics in pedagogy have been identified. An improved pedagogical presentation is offered which is clean - uses the two timescales in longitudinal dynamics to derive short period and phugoid mode parameters, simple - starts with the longitudinal dynamics equations rather than the complete six degree of freedom formulation, and correct - uses a physically correct model of the dynamic (rate) derivatives and employs the concept of a static residual in deriving the slower (phugoid) mode approximations. The redundant and confusing concepts of dimensional derivatives and static stability are junked. A companion paper presents a similar approach to the lateral-directional dynamics.
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References
- Bryan, G. H., "Stability in Aviation", MacMillan, London, 1911.
- Perkins, C. D. and Hage, R. E., "Airplane Performance, Stability and Control", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1949.
- Etkin, B., "Dynamics of Flight: Stability and Control", Wiley, New York, 1959.
- Seckel, E., "Stability and Control of Airplanes and Helicopters", Academic Press, New York, 1964.
- Roskam, J., "Flight Dynamics of Rigid and Elastic Airplanes", University of Kansas Press, Lawrence KS, 1972.
- Blakelock, J. H., "Automatic Control of Aircraft and Missiles", Second Edition, Wiley, New York, 1991.
- McRuer, D., Ashkenas, I. and Graham, D., "Aircraft Dynamics and Automatic Control", Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 1973.
- McLean, D., "Automatic Flight Control Systems", Prentice Hall, New York, 1990.
- Stevens, B. L. and Lewis, F. L., "Aircraft Control and Simulation", Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey, 2003.
- Nelson, R. C., "Flight Stability and Automatic Control", Second Edition, McGraw Hill, Boston MA, 1998.
- Pamadi, B. N., "Performance, Stability, Dynamics and Control of Airplanes", Second Edition, AIAA, Reston VA, 2004.
- Phillips, W. F., "Mechanics of Flight", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2004.
- Stengel, R., "Flight Dynamics", Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 2004.
- Ananthkrishnan, N., "Small-perturbation Analysis of Airplane Flight Dynamics - A Reappraisal. I: Longitudinal Modes", AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference, Providence RI, August, 16-19, 2004, pp.643-659.
- Raghavan, B. and Ananthkrishnan, N., "Small-Perturbation Analysis of Airplane Dynamics with Dynamic Stability Derivatives Redefined", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.61, No.3, 2009, pp.365-380.
- Ananthkrishnan, N. and Unnikrishnan, S., "Literal Approximations to Aircraft Dynamic Modes", Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.24, No.6, 2001, pp.1196-1203.
- Ananthkrishnan, N. and Ramadevi, P., "Consistent Approximations to Aircraft Longitudinal Modes", Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.25, No.4, 2002, pp.820-824.
- Ananthkrishnan, N. and Sinha, N. K., "Level Flight Trim and Stability Analysis Using Extended Bifurcation and Continuation Procedure", Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.24, No.6, 2001, pp.1225-1228.
- Paranjape, A. A., Sinha, N. K. and Ananthkrishnan, N., "Use of Bifurcation and Continuation Methods for Aircraft Trim and Stability Analysis - A State-of-the-Art", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.60, No.2, 2008, pp.85-100.
- Sinha, N. K. and Ananthkrishnan, N., "Elementary Flight Dynamics with an Introduction to Bifurcation and Continuation Methods", CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, 2013 (to be published).
- Greenwell, D.I.,"Frequency Effects on Dynamic Stability Derivatives Obtained from Small-Amplitude Oscillatory Testing", Journal of Aircraft, Vol.35, No.5, 1998, pp.776-783.
References
Bryan, G. H., "Stability in Aviation", MacMillan, London, 1911.
Perkins, C. D. and Hage, R. E., "Airplane Performance, Stability and Control", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1949.
Etkin, B., "Dynamics of Flight: Stability and Control", Wiley, New York, 1959.
Seckel, E., "Stability and Control of Airplanes and Helicopters", Academic Press, New York, 1964.
Roskam, J., "Flight Dynamics of Rigid and Elastic Airplanes", University of Kansas Press, Lawrence KS, 1972.
Blakelock, J. H., "Automatic Control of Aircraft and Missiles", Second Edition, Wiley, New York, 1991.
McRuer, D., Ashkenas, I. and Graham, D., "Aircraft Dynamics and Automatic Control", Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 1973.
McLean, D., "Automatic Flight Control Systems", Prentice Hall, New York, 1990.
Stevens, B. L. and Lewis, F. L., "Aircraft Control and Simulation", Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey, 2003.
Nelson, R. C., "Flight Stability and Automatic Control", Second Edition, McGraw Hill, Boston MA, 1998.
Pamadi, B. N., "Performance, Stability, Dynamics and Control of Airplanes", Second Edition, AIAA, Reston VA, 2004.
Phillips, W. F., "Mechanics of Flight", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2004.
Stengel, R., "Flight Dynamics", Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 2004.
Ananthkrishnan, N., "Small-perturbation Analysis of Airplane Flight Dynamics - A Reappraisal. I: Longitudinal Modes", AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference, Providence RI, August, 16-19, 2004, pp.643-659.
Raghavan, B. and Ananthkrishnan, N., "Small-Perturbation Analysis of Airplane Dynamics with Dynamic Stability Derivatives Redefined", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.61, No.3, 2009, pp.365-380.
Ananthkrishnan, N. and Unnikrishnan, S., "Literal Approximations to Aircraft Dynamic Modes", Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.24, No.6, 2001, pp.1196-1203.
Ananthkrishnan, N. and Ramadevi, P., "Consistent Approximations to Aircraft Longitudinal Modes", Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.25, No.4, 2002, pp.820-824.
Ananthkrishnan, N. and Sinha, N. K., "Level Flight Trim and Stability Analysis Using Extended Bifurcation and Continuation Procedure", Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.24, No.6, 2001, pp.1225-1228.
Paranjape, A. A., Sinha, N. K. and Ananthkrishnan, N., "Use of Bifurcation and Continuation Methods for Aircraft Trim and Stability Analysis - A State-of-the-Art", Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies, Vol.60, No.2, 2008, pp.85-100.
Sinha, N. K. and Ananthkrishnan, N., "Elementary Flight Dynamics with an Introduction to Bifurcation and Continuation Methods", CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, 2013 (to be published).
Greenwell, D.I.,"Frequency Effects on Dynamic Stability Derivatives Obtained from Small-Amplitude Oscillatory Testing", Journal of Aircraft, Vol.35, No.5, 1998, pp.776-783.